FIG. 01.01

Lenses · Type 02 / 11
Two convex faces: a positive lens for imaging at near-equal distances.

A double-convex (biconvex) lens curves outward on both sides, so it is thickest at the centre. It converges light and forms real images. A symmetric biconvex lens works best when object and image are at similar distances, around 1:1. Typical uses include projectors, cameras, telescopes and magnifiers.
Start from a catalogue part or from your own drawing, in the material, coating and tolerance grade you need.
| Parameter | Commercial | Precision |
|---|---|---|
| Thickness | ±0.1 mm | ±0.01 mm |
| Radius | 1% | 0.5% |
| Refractive index | 0.001 | 0.0001 |
| Abbe (V-number) | 1% | 0.1% |
| Centration | 3 arc-min | 30 arc-sec |
| Tilt / wedge | 1 arc-min | 10 arc-sec |
| Surface irregularity | 1 fringe | λ/4 (0.25 fringe) |
| Surface quality (scratch-dig) | 60-40 | 10-5 |
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